Combine balsamic vinegar, water, olive oil, salt, pepper and garlic in a jar; cover tightly and shake vigorously. Set aside.

Drop broccoli, cauliflower and carrot into a large saucepan of boiling water; cook 30 seconds. Drain. Pour cold water over vegetables to stop cooking process and drain again.

Combine drained vegetables, red and green bell peppers, pasta, basil and cheese in a large bowl. Add vinegar mixture, and toss gently. Cover and chill.